Students with disabilities account for 14% of all students in the K-12 setting. For students who have a qualifying disability, they are afforded a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). However, delivering a program under IDEA is often tested for appropriateness—challenges that question a school district’s ability to meet the unique needs of each student. Hot topic issues that are testing the waters of IDEA include (a) mediation and alternative dispute resolution, (b) lessons from the pandemic, (c) disproportionality and discipline, and (d) transitioning to adulthood. This session will provide a legal analysis of each topic and guidance for school leaders to provide appropriate special education and related services to students with disabilities in light of these contemporary issues.