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Home / Handbooks / Publishing / Style Guide / Advanced Degree Abbreviations

Advanced Degree Abbreviations

Modified on: Friday, March 8, 2024 at 06:49 AM Eastern

Formatting Degrees in Names


The following recommendations apply to all publications of the Education Law Association and all profiles on EducationLaw.org.


The Education Law Association recommends listing doctorates in the suffix of a person’s name and not in the prefix.

  • Incorrect: Dr. Juan Carlos Santana
  • Correct: Juan Carlos Santana, Ed.D.


The Education Law Association recommends listing J.D. degrees before other advanced degrees in a person’s suffix.

  • Correct: Su Lin Xing, J.D., Ph.D.
  • Incorrect: Su Lin Xing, Ph.D., J.D.


Degree Abbreviations


  • Doctor of Divinity D.D.
  • Doctor of Education Ed.D.
  • Doctor of Jurisprudence (Juris Doctor) J.D.
  • Doctor of Law and Policy LP.D.
  • Doctor of Medicine M.D.
  • Doctor of Ministry D.Min.
  • Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine D.O.
  • Doctor of Philosophy Ph.D., D.Phil., or D.Ph.
  • Doctor of Practical Theology D.P.T.
  • Doctor of Psychology Psy.D.
  • Doctor of Theology D.Th. or Th.D.
  • Master of Arts MA, M.A.
  • Master of Business Administration M.B.A.
  • Master of Divinity M.Div.
  • Master of Education M.Ed. or Ed.M.
  • Master of Fine Arts M.F.A.
  • Master of International Affairs M.I.A.
  • Master of International Studies M.I.S.
  • Master of Laws LL.M.
  • Master of Library Science M.L.S.
  • Master of Liberal Arts M.L.A.
  • Master of Library and Information Science M.L.I.S.
  • Master of Public Administration M.P.A.
  • Master of Public Health M.P.H.
  • Master of Science (US) M.S. or (UK) M.Sc.
  • Master of Science in Education M.S.Ed.
  • Master of Social Work M.S.W.
  • Master of Theology Th.M.

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