This panel presentation/discussion critically reviews the philosophical and empirical underpinnings of increasing access to community colleges and baccalaureate institutions, as well as the commonalities and differences in how the designing and funding of state (and federal) statutes may influence intended and unintended outcomes of “Promise” programs both in community colleges and baccalaureate institutions. Following the theme, Marginality & Mattering, we unpack the debates on (1) free or more affordable community colleges, (2) how and for whom these programs are beneficial or not in fostering student access, affordability, debt assumption, and completion, (3) preparing students for entry and advancement into well-paying, satisfying careers, (4) the impact of federal funding on state budget priorities, and (5) designing and funding Promise programs. This presentation is timely in that Promise programs are touted as an efficient solution to increase the college-educated population in states. Yet, recent research confirms that program goals are not being met for all students. An understanding of how the multiple legal aspects of Promise programs enhance and hinder successful outcomes for all students who enroll is essential.